Uncle Tom's Cabin - 汤姆叔叔的小屋

“Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” Houghton Mifflin Company, 1881

Title
Uncle Tom's Cabin

Author
Harriet Beecher Stowe

Country
United States

Language
English

Genre
Novel

Published
1852 (two volumes)

“You are the little woman who caused a great war.” This is what Lincoln said in his interview with the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, Stowe. Although there are some joking elements in this sentence, it does not affect Lincoln's confirmation that the book plays an important role on the road of American slavery liberation.

林肯在接见《汤姆叔叔的小屋》一书的作者斯托时如是说：“你是引发一场伟大战争的小女人”。虽然这句话中有一些开玩笑的成分，但这并不影响林肯肯定这本书在美国奴隶制解放的道路上发挥了重要作用。

Uncle Tom's Cabin: Life among the lowly is an anti slavery novel published by American writer Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. In this novel，the views on African Americans and American slavery had a profound impact and to some extent, intensified the regional conflicts that led to the American Civil War.

《汤姆叔叔的小屋：卑贱者的生活》是美国作家哈里特·比彻·斯托（斯托夫人）于1852年发表的一部反奴隶制长篇小说。这部小说中对于非裔美国人与美国奴隶制度的观点曾产生过意义深远的影响，并在某种程度上激化了导致美国内战的地区局部冲突。

Uncle Tom's cabin, the best-selling novel in the 19^th century, is considered to be one of the main reasons for the rise of abolitionism in the 1850s. Later, he was made into a film by German director in 1965. It mainly tells the story of Tom, a loyal slave who went through several resales, after witnessed the tragic fate of many slaves, called on them to fight for themselves, and finally died peacefully in the failure of the slaver trader. This book strongly explains the irrationality of slavery and plays an important role in the history of American struggle for the independence of slaves.

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这部小说身为19世纪最畅销的小说，被认为是刺激1850年代废奴主义兴起的一大原因。后在1965年被德国导演拍摄成电影，主要讲述了忠心的黑奴汤姆经历了数次转卖，见证了许多黑奴的悲惨命运后，号召他们为自己战斗，最后在奴隶贩子的失败下安然去世的故事。这本书强烈阐释了奴隶制度的不合理性，在美国争取奴隶独立的斗争历史上起到了很大的作用。

Uncle Tom's cabin is dominated by the same theme: the evils and immorality of slavery. When Stowe writes about minor themes in her writing - such as the moral authority of the mother and the possibility of salvation provided by Christianity - she emphasizes the connection between these themes and the horrors of slavery. In almost every page of the novel, Stowe actively promotes the theme of “the immorality of slavery”. Sometimes she even changes the tone of the story to preach the destructive nature of slavery.

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的全书都被同一个主题所主宰：奴隶制度的罪恶与不道德。当斯托夫人在她的文字里写入次要的主题时——譬如母亲的道德权威以及由基督教提供拯救的可能性——她都会强调这些主题与奴隶制的恐怖之间的联系。几乎在小说的每一页里，斯托夫人都在积极推动着“奴隶制度不道德”这一主题，有些时候她甚至会改变故事叙述的口吻，以向人们“布道”奴隶制的破坏天性。通过对黑奴制度拆散他人家庭的刻画，斯托夫人用文字展现出了奴隶制度的罪恶。

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) was born in an American pastor family. He was a teacher and an active abolitionist. She lived in Cincinnati for 18 years, where she experienced a period of escape, which laid the foundation for her novel. This novel was first serialized in the national times in 1852. After serialization, it immediately aroused strong repercussions and was widely recognized by people.

哈里耶特·比彻·斯托夫人（1811-1896）出生于美国一个牧师家庭，曾做过教师，也是一名积极的废奴主义者。她在辛辛那提市住了18年，在这里她经受了一段逃亡生活，这为她创作这部小说奠定了基础。这部小说首先于1852年在《民族时代》刊物上连载，连载以后，立刻引起强烈的反响，受到人们的广泛认可。

Part of Uncle Tom's cabin was inspired by Josiah Henson's autobiography. Henson was a black man who was once a slave owned by slave owner Isaac Riley, lived and worked in the northern Bethesda area of Maryland. In the book “A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin” published in 1853, Stowe mentioned a lot of inspiration and material sources for writing this novel. Stowe also explained that the reason why she published the realistic work was to support her views on the evils of slavery.

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的一部分创作灵感来自乔赛亚·亨森的自传。亨森是一位黑人男性，他曾是奴隶主艾萨克·赖利所拥有的一名奴隶，生活并劳作于马里兰州北贝塞斯达地区。在1853年发表的《汤姆叔叔小屋题解》一书中，斯托夫人提到了写作这部小说的大量灵感与材料来源。斯托夫人同时解释发表《题解》这部写实作品的原因，是为了支持她对奴隶制度恶行的主张。

At the end of the 15th century, after the establishment of colonial rule in America, European colonists brought in a large number of blacks from Africa to serve as slaves in order to solve the labor problem in the colonies. In America, the use of black slave labor is very extensive. In addition to all kinds of plantation labor (sugarcane, cotton, tobacco, coffee), black slaves are also engaged in grazing, mining, and serving as domestic servants. Slave owners also send slaves to carry out transportation and handicraft production. Under such a system, black slaves had no human rights and were completely the property of their owners. They could not deal with any decision, even if they were forced to separated or tortured to death.