====== The Clean Network, and opinions - “干净网络”及对此的见解 ======
//Edited by Troy Liu//\\ //August 14, 2020//
{{ :asc:the-clean-network.jpg?600 | The clean network}}
On August 5, 2020, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced the launch of five new lines of effort under the program of Clean Network to "protect America's critical telecommunications and technology infrastructure."
2020年8月5日，美国国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥宣布，在“干净网络”计划下启动五条新的工作路线，以 "保护美国的关键电信和技术基础设施"。
According to the five lines, Washington will seek to remove "untrusted" Chinese apps such as TikTok and WeChat from US mobile app stores, limit the ability of Chinese cloud service providers like Alibaba, Baidu, and Tencent to access cloud-based systems in the country, and ensure undersea cables "are not subverted for intelligence gathering" by China.
根据这五条路线，华盛顿将寻求从美国移动应用商店中删除TikTok和微信等 "不受信任 "的中国应用，限制阿里巴巴、百度和腾讯等中国云服务提供商接入该国云端系统的能力，并确保海底电缆 "不被中国颠覆用于收集情报"。
China has denounced the U.S. suppression and containment of Chinese high-tech firms by abusing state power. "Pompeo and his likes have time and again abused state power to bring down Chinese high-tech companies under the pretext of national security, which China firmly opposes," said China's Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin.
中方谴责美国滥用国家权力打压和遏制中国高科技企业的行为。中国外交部发言人王文斌说："蓬佩奥等人一次次以国家安全为借口，滥用国家权力，打压中国高科技企业，中方坚决反对"。
===== Quartz: The US is building a new Great Firewall =====
//Written by Jane Li//\\ //August 6, 2020//
//Translated by Troy Liu//\\ //August 14, 2020//
This article is reprinted from [[https://qz.com/1889077/us-clean-network-campaign-shuts-out-chinese-apps-from-network/ | Quartz]].\\ 本文转载自石英财经网。
{{ :asc:trump-us-flag.jpg?600 | Another wall goes up.}}
Another wall goes up.\\ 另一堵墙竖起来了。
A “digital Berlin Wall” between the US and China now looks more real than ever.
中美之间的 "数字柏林墙 "现在看起来比以往任何时候都要真实。
The US state department announced today that it will expand its “Clean Network” initiative, first rolled out in April, to root out major Chinese tech products from the US system. The department said the move is aimed at guarding US citizens’ privacy and US companies’ sensitive information from “aggressive intrusions by malign actors.”
美国国务院今天宣布，将扩大4月首次推出的“干净网络”计划，从美国系统中根除主要的中国科技产品。该部门表示，此举旨在保护美国公民的隐私和美国公司的敏感信息不受 "恶意行为者的侵略性入侵"。
Under the expanded initiative, which focuses on five areas, “untrusted” Chinese telecom carriers, apps, and cloud service providers including Alibaba, Tencent, and Baidu will be prevented from storing or processing US user data, being downloaded from US app stores, or connected to the US telecom system. Moreover, Chinese smartphone makers such as Huawei will be prevented from pre-installing or offering downloads of some US or foreign apps. Undersea cables that connect the US to the global internet will also be scrutinized by the US government.
根据这项扩大的举措，重点在五个方面，包括阿里巴巴、腾讯和百度在内的 "不受信任 "的中国电信运营商、应用和云服务提供商将被阻止存储或处理美国用户数据，从美国应用商店下载，或连接到美国电信系统。此外，华为等中国智能手机制造商将被禁止预装或提供一些美国或外国应用的下载。连接美国与全球互联网的海底电缆也将受到美国政府的审查。
While the announcement does not give a timeline of the initiative or explain whether it is compulsory for American entities to comply, the announcement is an escalation of the country’s efforts to divide the internet between China and the US. Most recently, the US has made a series of threats to ban Chinese apps including TikTok and WeChat, citing their threats to national security. TikTok will either have to be sold to a US company such as Microsoft or face shutting down by the Sept. 15 deadline given by the White House. A growing number of US allies are also following suit in choosing to exclude Chinese telecoms equipment maker Huawei from their 5G networks.
虽然公告没有给出该举措的时间表，也没有解释是否强制美国实体遵守，但该公告是美国分化中美两国互联网的努力的升级。最近，美国以威胁国家安全为由，对包括TikTok和微信在内的中国应用进行了一系列威胁，禁止其使用。TikTok要么被卖给微软等美国公司，要么在白宫给出的9月15日最后期限前面临关闭。越来越多的美国盟友也在效仿，选择将中国电信设备制造商华为排除在其5G网络之外。
Some worry that the US’s tech policy is now following in the steps of authoritarian regimes, which advocate the concept of “internet sovereignty”: the idea that a nation’s sovereignty extends from its physical territory into cyberspace. For years, China has blocked major foreign tech companies including Google and Twitter, via a Great Firewall which both prevents its citizens from viewing sensitive information and offers protection for its home-grown tech champions. For the US to also shut out platforms based on their national origin, critics argue, would suggest that Beijing’s vision of a fragmented, tightly controlled internet is triumphing over that of an open internet.
一些人担心，美国的科技政策现在正在追随集权政权的脚步，这些政权主张“互联网主权”的概念：即一个国家的主权从其物理领土延伸到网络空间。多年来，中国通过“长城”封锁了包括谷歌和推特在内的主要外国科技公司，这既阻止了中国公民查看敏感信息，也为中国本土的科技冠军提供了保护。批评者认为，美国也根据其国籍将平台拒之门外，这表明北京对一个碎片化、严格控制的互联网的愿景正在战胜一个开放的互联网。
Even the language used by the US government now mirrors that of Beijing when it comes to the internet. The Chinese government, for example, has implemented multiple “internet cleanup campaigns” to crack down on vulgar, pornographic, or politically sensitive content. In his announcement, Pompeo laid out “five cleans” to explain the areas covered by the government initiative.
甚至美国政府现在在互联网方面使用的语言都复制了北京的。例如，中国政府已经实施了多次“互联网清理行动”，以打击低俗、色情或政治敏感的内容。蓬佩奥在他的宣告中列出了“五清”来解释美国政府举措所涉及的领域。
“For decades, the US has been perceived as the defender of free trade and free speech… the US (or at least the Trump administration) seems to have become less enthusiastic about those values,” wrote Pavel Durov, founder and CEO of messaging app Telegram, in a post. “Soon, every big country is likely to use ‘national security’ as a pretext to fracture international tech companies. And ironically, it’s the US companies like Facebook or Google that are likely to lose the most from the fallout.”
“几十年来，美国一直被认为是自由贸易和言论自由的捍卫者……美国（至少是特朗普政府）似乎对这些价值观变得不那么热衷了，”即时通讯应用Telegram的创始人兼CEO帕维尔·杜罗夫在一篇文章中写道。“很快，每个大国都有可能以‘国家安全’为借口，让国际科技公司分崩离析。而具有讽刺意味的是，像Facebook或谷歌这样的美国公司，很可能会在这场余波中损失最大。”
Among the critics of the US State Department’s latest moves is also the Chinese government, with foreign minister Wang Yi accusing Pompeo of attempting “draw an iron curtain.”
批评美国国务院最新举动的还有中国政府，外交部长王毅指责蓬佩奥试图 "拉起铁幕"。
===== Global Times: The Hidden, Dirty Secrets Behind the US Clean Network Program =====
//Written by Zhong Shifeng//\\ //August 9, 2020//
//Translated by Troy Liu//\\ //August 14, 2020//
This article is reprinted from [[https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1197211.shtml | Global Times]].\\ 本文转载自《环球时报》。
{{ :asc:mike-pompeo-clean-network.jpeg?600 | US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announces the Clean Network program.}}
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announces the Clean Network program.\\ Pablo Martinez Monsivais\\ Getty Images
The US Secretary of State Pompeo lately put forward the Clean Network program, pronged by clean carrier, clean store, clean apps, clean cloud and clean cable, upgrading the containment and suppression of Chinese technology companies by the US.
美国国务卿蓬佩奥近日提出清洁网络计划，以清洁运营商、清洁商店、清洁应用、清洁云和清洁电缆为主导，升级美国对中国科技企业的遏制和打压。
"Clean" as it claims, is the network really that clean? The US is the indisputable empire of hackers in the world. Corroborating evidence such as WikiLeaks, PRISM, the Equation Group and the Eye of Sauron confirms and exposes to everyone the constant surveillance from the US. What Pompeo and some other politicians have been doing is modeling charges against China on their own tainted histories. These people are so obsessed with the farce of "thieves calling stop thief" that they can hardly see the reality.
“干净”如其所言，网络真的那么干净吗？美国是世界上无可争议的黑客帝国。维基解密、PRISM、方程组和索伦之眼等确凿证据，证实并向大家揭露了美国的持续监控。蓬佩奥和其他一些政客一直在做的事情，就是以自己的污点历史来模拟对中国的指控。这些人沉迷于 "贼喊捉贼 "的闹剧，几乎看不清现实。
Let me walk you through the so-called "five lines of effort" and unveil the dirty secrets under the rug.
就让我带着你走过所谓的 "五线努力"，揭开地毯下的肮脏秘密。
=== I. Clean Carrier and Dirtbox ===
Clean carrier, the first line of effort, aims to ensure Chinese carriers "are not connected with US telecommunication networks" to prevent US national security threats. The Trump administration suspects that Chinese companies, including Huawei, would gather intelligence in the US through 5G base stations. In fact, such suspicion derives from the US' own surveillance practices.
清洁运营商，是第一道防线，旨在确保中国运营商 "不与美国电信网络连接"，防止美国国家安全威胁。特朗普政府怀疑包括华为在内的中国企业会通过5G基站在美国收集情报。其实，这种怀疑来自于美国自身的监控行为。
When it comes to telecom theft, the US always ranks the first in the world. In addition to pressuring the AT&T, Verizon and other carriers for data supplies, the National Security Agency (NSA) has been using fake base stations named Dirtbox in its wiretapping programs including the Boundless Informant since a decade ago. Through Dirtbox, they simulate signals of base stations to tap into and steal data from cell-phones. Le Monde wrote that thanks to Dirtbox, 62.5 million phone data were collected in France.
在电信窃密方面，美国总是位居世界第一。除了向美国电话电报公司、威瑞森通讯等运营商施压索取数据供应外，美国国家安全局从十年前就开始在包括“无界线人”在内的窃听计划中使用名为“Dirtbox”的伪基站。通过“Dirtbox”，他们模拟基站的信号来窃听和窃取手机的数据。世界报》写道，美国利用“Dirtbox”在法国收集了6250万条手机数据。
=== II. Clean Apps and PRISM ===
Pompeo has been asking Chinese apps to be taken down in app stores, accusing that TikTok, Wechat and others are infiltration tools of the Chinese government, but in reality, the US is the one that is adept at turning apps into surveillance units. Leaked documents of PRISM have laid this bare. The NSA sees apps as "data mines" with huge reserves of data to be harvested and thus invests heavily to this end. Under the agency's pressure, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Skype, Google Map and even Angry Birds, the game, chose to participate in the program.
蓬佩奥一直要求应用商店下架中国应用，指责TikTok、微信等是中国政府的渗透工具，但实际上，美国才是善于把应用变成监控单位的人。泄露的PRISM文件已经将这一点暴露无遗。美国国家安全局将应用程序视为“数据地雷”，有巨大的数据储备可供收割，因而为此投入巨资。在该机构的压力下，推特、Facebook、YouTube、Skype、谷歌地图，甚至连游戏“愤怒的小鸟”也选择了参与该计划。
=== III. Clean Store and Irritant Horn ===
Pompeo has been asking Chinese apps to be taken down in app stores, accusing that TikTok, Wechat and others are infiltration tools of the Chinese government, but in reality, the US is the one that is adept at turning apps into surveillance units. Leaked documents of PRISM have laid this bare. The NSA sees apps as "data mines" with huge reserves of data to be harvested and thus invests heavily to this end. Under the agency's pressure, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Skype, Google Map and even Angry Birds, the game, chose to participate in the program.
通过手机应用软件窃取数据，是美国情报机构监控行为清单上的又一“创新”。加拿大广播公司透露，美国国家安全局和更广泛的“五眼”情报机构发起了“恼怒号角”计划，劫持谷歌Play商店，提供间谍软件，并利用系统中的漏洞。同样，“五眼联盟”也利用了阿里巴巴旗下的UC浏览器的安全漏洞，成功获取了大量数据。因此，我们不难理解为什么美国如此强调清洁应用软件。
=== IV. Clean Cloud and Muscular ===
Clean Cloud is just a cover for prohibiting Chinese companies, including Alibaba, Baidu and Tencent, from storing and processing the US citizens' personal information and businesses' intellectual property. The US wants to keep these from its foreign adversaries. However, the US is the real gangster of "cloud theft". The Washington Post exposed that the NSA, along with the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) of the UK, launched a surveillance program called Muscular to frequently break into the cloud servers of Google and Yahoo. They even went so far as to intercept data and direct it to the agencies' own database. This was how hundreds of millions of personal information records were collected.
清洁云服务只是一个幌子，禁止包括阿里巴巴、百度、腾讯在内的中国企业存储和处理美国公民的个人信息和企业的知识产权。美国想让这些不被外国对手发现。然而，美国才是“云盗”的真正黑手。《华盛顿邮报》曝光，美国国家安全局与英国政府通信总部（GCHQ）共同启动了一项名为“Muscular”的监控计划，频繁入侵谷歌和雅虎的云服务器。他们甚至不惜拦截数据，并将其导向机构自己的数据库。数亿条个人信息记录就是这样被收集起来的。
=== V. Clean Cable and Undersea Cable Tapping ===
On clean cables, Pompeo wants to ensure the undersea cables connecting the US to the global internet are not subverted for intelligence gathering by China. But this in fact is the US presuming others' behavior based on its own pattern.
在清洁电缆方面，蓬佩奥希望确保连接美国与全球互联网的海底电缆不被中国颠覆用于收集情报。但这其实是美国根据自己的模式来推测别人的行为。
According to New Zealand Herald, the US had conspired with the New Zealand intelligence to tap the data flowing in the Chinese consulate general in Auckland. To crack into other countries' data, the US has just spared no wire in a Chinese consulate, not to mention the undersea cables, "the intelligence gold mine". It is only natural that the US will take full advantage of them.
据《新西兰先驱报》报道，美国曾与新西兰情报部门合谋，窃听中国驻奥克兰总领事馆的数据流。为了破解其他国家的数据，美国只是不放过中国领事馆里的一根网线，更不用说海底电缆这个“情报金矿”了。美国自然会充分利用它们。
Der Spiegel, a German magazine, reported over the years that the NSA has tapped into the "SEA-ME-WE-4", the longest submarine fiber-optic cable system connecting Europe and Asia. The Washington Post exposed some of the US' own fiber-optic cable-tapping programs, known by the names Oakstar, Stormbrew, Blarney and Fairview. The Associated Press wrote that the US Navy went out of its way to repurpose a submarine called the USS Jimmy Carter so they could tap fiber-optic cables.
德国《明镜》杂志多年来报道，美国国家安全局已经接入了连接欧洲和亚洲的最长海底光缆系统“SEA-ME-WE-4”。《华盛顿邮报》曝光了美国自己的一些光缆窃听项目，这些项目以“Oakstar”、“Stormbrew”、“Blarney”和“Fairview”等名字命名。美联社写道，美国海军不惜重用一艘名为“吉米·卡特号”的潜艇，以便他们可以窃听光缆。
With an appalling and notorious tapping record, the US has never justified its moves and even played double standards when accused of tapping. Everything the US stole is in the name of democracy and rule of law. Even worse, the US has never intended to reflect on its behavior and even smears China.
美国的窃听记录骇人听闻，臭名昭著，在被指控窃听时，美国从未为自己的举动辩解，甚至玩起了双重标准。美国所窃取的一切，都是以民主和法治的名义。更糟糕的是，美国从未打算反思自己的行为，甚至抹黑中国。
In the 2009 Quadrennial Intelligence Community Review, the US blithely acknowledges that the US intelligence agencies should "conduct cyber operations" and other means against "research facilities" of other countries to help American corporations secure competitive advantages. The US is the real offender of cyber-attack and intellectual property theft, yet it shifts the blame to China.
在2009年的《四年一次的情报界评论》中，美国轻描淡写地承认，美国情报机构应该针对其他国家的“研究设施”进行“网络行动”和其他手段，以帮助美国企业获得竞争优势。美国才是网络攻击和知识产权盗窃的真正罪犯，却把责任推给中国。
Documents leaked by Snowden show that the US surveillance program codenamed Stateroom ordered the installment of secret signals intelligence equipment in around 100 foreign diplomatic embassies and consulates in other countries for spying purpose. The US is the one that has been directing "massive illegal spying", but this has become the reason the US gave when demanding the closure of China's Consulate General in Houston.
斯诺登泄露的文件显示，美国代号为“Stateroom”的监控计划下令在约100个外国驻他国外交使领馆安装秘密信号情报设备，以达到间谍目的。虽说是美国指使的 "大规模非法间谍活动"，但这也成为美国要求关闭中国驻休斯敦总领馆时给出的理由。
As Pompeo said, "We lied, we cheated, we stole… It reminds you of the glory of the American experiment". Some American politicians suspect and dread of China only because they know what they are doing behind the scenes, and they fear China's doing the same. They pin the blames on China like a real thief crying "stop the thief".
正如蓬佩奥所说，"我们撒谎、欺骗、偷窃......这让你想起了美国经历过的辉煌"。一些美国政客怀疑和惧怕中国，只是因为他们知道中国在背后做了什么，他们害怕中国也在做。他们把责任寄托在中国身上，就像一个真正的小偷在喊“抓贼”。
"The Filthy Hypocrisy of America's Clean China-Free Internet" on The Intercept points out that the US vision for a clean network means a China-free network. The policy statement on a clean network is nothing but a piece of xenophobic and nonsensical hypocrisy, and its message is clear: If there's going to be a world-spanning surveillance state, it is the US.
《The Intercept》上的文章《美国想清理出一个无中国的互联网是肮脏虚伪的》指出，美国对“干净网络”的设想就是没有中国参与的网络。关于“干净网络”的政策声明不过是一片排外和无厘头的虚伪，它所传递的信息很明确：如果要建立一个横跨世界的监控国家，那就是美国。
Obviously, the US vision for a clean network is not an attack-free one but a China-free one. Its purpose is to stoke American people's fear of China, squeeze Chinese businesses out of the market, gang up with its alliance on China to undercut China's technological exchange and cooperation with other countries, impede China's momentum of growth on the technological front, deprive China of its legitimate right to development and maintain the US status as a techno-hegemon.
显然，美国的愿景不是无攻击，而是无中国。其目的是激起美国人对中国的恐惧，将中国企业挤出市场，拉帮结派与中国结盟，削弱中国与其他国家的技术交流与合作，阻碍中国在技术方面的发展势头，剥夺中国合法的发展权利，维持美国的技术霸主地位。
As a Confucius' saying goes, "An upright man is open and poised while a petty is anxious and worried". If the US is committed to achieving a safe and clean network, what they really need to do is to get rid of the deep-seated bias against China, the anxiety of being surpassed by China, the old-dated Cold War mentality, the gunboat diplomacy for technology superpower and the absurd, narrow-minded and immature theory of decoupling from China.
孔子有云："正人君子坦荡荡，小人惴惴不安"。如果美国致力于实现网络的安全和清洁，他们真正需要做的是摆脱对中国根深蒂固的偏见，摆脱被中国超越的焦虑，摆脱陈旧的冷战思维，摆脱科技超级大国的炮舰外交，摆脱与中国脱钩的荒谬、狭隘和不成熟的理论。
All countries should stay vigilant when the US is approaching again, and we should never forget the fear of living at the mercy of the indiscriminate surveillance organized by the US. Back in these days, officials of US alliance countries had to walk into a meeting room without phones, play music during meeting discussions and take minutes with typewriters instead of laptops. Another case in point is the Crypto AG scandal. The half-a-century old Swiss company was proved to be working for the CIA, and the Crypto devices it sold to 120 countries were ironically tapping equipment. These days are not too far, yet the US has already come with another invitation. However, no country will be easily convinced this time of the "clean network", because it might be another trap of "tapping network".
当美国再次逼近的时候，所有国家都应该保持警惕，我们永远不要忘记生活在美国组织的无差别监控下的恐惧。当年，美国联盟国家的官员走进会议室时，必须不带手机，会议讨论时播放音乐，用打字机代替笔记本电脑做会议记录。另一个案例是Crypto AG的丑闻。这家有着半个世纪历史的瑞士公司被证明是在为中情局工作，它卖给120个国家的Crypto设备是讽刺性的窃听设备。这日子还没过多久，美国却已经又来了邀请。不过，这次任何国家都不会轻易相信“干净网络”，因为这可能是“窃听网络”的另一个陷阱。